What does DNA stand for?

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. This term specifically refers to the molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. The structure of DNA consists of two strands forming a double helix, which is made up of smaller units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains three components: a phosphate group, a sugar called deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base.

The name emphasizes the sugar component (deoxyribose) and the fact that it is an acid due to the phosphate group. The inclusion of "ribonucleic" is crucial because it distinguishes DNA from RNA (ribonucleic acid), which contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose. Understanding these components and their functions is essential in genetics, as they play a vital role in the storage and transmission of genetic information.