What does the term 'genotype' refer to?

The term 'genotype' specifically refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, encompassing the specific alleles and genes that contribute to the organism's hereditary traits. It is distinct from observable characteristics, which are influenced not just by genetics but also by environmental factors. The genotype can influence physical traits, but it does not directly represent those traits themselves, which are categorized as the phenotype. While environmental factors can impact the expression of a genotype, they do not define the genotype itself. Therefore, the accurate understanding of genotype is essential for studying genetics, as it forms the blueprint that guides the development and functioning of an organism's traits.