What field of science focuses on DNA and protein synthesis?

Molecular biology is the field of science that specifically focuses on the structure and function of molecules essential for life, particularly DNA and proteins. Within this discipline, researchers study how genetic information encoded in DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and subsequently translated into proteins. This includes understanding the mechanisms of gene expression and regulation, as well as the interactions between various cellular components involved in these processes.

In molecular biology, techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning, and sequencing are commonly used to explore the roles of DNA and RNA. Additionally, the study of protein synthesis encompasses various aspects, including the role of ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and the functions of different proteins in cellular activities.

Other fields, while related, have different focuses—genomics concentrates on the analysis and comparison of entire genomes, biochemistry deals more broadly with the chemical processes and substances within living organisms, and cell biology examines the structure and function of cells as whole units.