What is the effect of a mutation on a genome?

A mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. This alteration can have a variety of effects on the genome's function. While some mutations might disrupt normal gene activity and be harmful, others can result in new traits or adaptations that may be beneficial.

Mutations can lead to changes in protein synthesis, which can modify how an organism grows, develops, or responds to environmental changes. For instance, a mutation could alter an enzyme's efficiency, allowing an organism to better metabolize nutrients or resist certain diseases. Conversely, some mutations may have neutral effects, having no significant impact on the organism's survival or reproductive success.

This variety in outcomes illustrates that mutations are a source of genetic diversity, playing a crucial role in evolution. Thus, the ability of a mutation to change the genome’s function is a fundamental aspect of genetics and biological processes.