What is the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

Restriction enzymes play a crucial role in genetic engineering by cutting DNA at specific sequences. These enzymes, often referred to as restriction endonucleases, recognize particular short sequences of nucleotides within the DNA and make precise cuts at those locations. This ability allows scientists to manipulate DNA in various ways, such as isolating specific genes, inserting DNA fragments into plasmids for cloning, or creating recombinant DNA.

The specificity of restriction enzymes is fundamental to many molecular biology techniques, including cloning, gene mapping, and constructing genetically modified organisms. By enabling researchers to cut DNA at defined sites, restriction enzymes facilitate the assembly of new DNA constructs, which is essential in the field of genetic engineering. Thus, the correct answer highlights their primary function in the process.