What is the result of a chromosome undergoing inversion?

When a chromosome undergoes inversion, a segment of the chromosome is reversed end to end. This means that the overall structure of the chromosome changes, but the total amount of genetic material remains the same—no genes are lost or gained; they are simply rearranged. This can affect how genes function, as their new position may influence gene expression, but it does not result in the loss of any genetic information. The integrity of the chromosome is maintained, which is why the correct response to the question is that the chromosome structure is changed without loss of material. This distinction is crucial for understanding the different types of chromosomal mutations and their potential effects on an organism.