How does recombination contribute to genetic variation?

Recombination plays a crucial role in genetic variation by mixing genetic material from two parents, which leads to the formation of new allele combinations in offspring. This process occurs during meiosis when homologous chromosomes exchange segments of their DNA in a process known as crossing over. As a result, genetically varied gametes are produced, which, when combined during fertilization, create offspring with unique genetic profiles that are different from either parent.

This genetic diversity is vital for the adaptation and evolution of species, as it can enhance a population's ability to survive changes in the environment. The variations introduced through recombination can lead to new traits, some of which may confer advantages in specific ecological niches, ultimately influencing the dynamics of natural selection.