What is the main outcome of independent assortment during meiosis?

The main outcome of independent assortment during meiosis is the random distribution of genes to gametes. During meiosis, especially in metaphase I, chromosomes from homologous pairs align randomly along the equatorial plane of the cell. This means that the orientation of each pair is independent of the others, leading to a variety of combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in each gamete.

This process contributes to genetic diversity among offspring, as different combinations of alleles can be passed on during fertilization. Each gamete ends up with a unique set of genetic information, which is crucial for evolution and adaptation in populations. Independent assortment does not create identical daughter cells, duplicate chromosomes, or maintain diploid cells; rather, it results in haploid gametes, each with a mix of genetic traits from both parents.